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The history of gay porn cinema.

haiducii

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Gay Western

Last night I fell asleep while watching Tom McCarthy's new film Spotlight, about the Boston Globe's Pulitzer Prize-winning investigation in 2002 into the priest pedophilia scandals and subsequent cover-ups within the Catholic Church. It had been on my ''to do'' list since I've got the Oscar fever. The only thing strong about the movie was its subject, and that perhaps got people to the theater, other than that a drag, with absolutely no story line. The movie is incredibly boring. If you want to feel the emotional power of the story, read the novel. I think Spotlight, which has been nominated for six Oscars, is one of the most over hyped movies of the 2015 award season. Will Spotlight win best picture at the Oscars tomorrow? Maybe, who knows.

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Let’s go back to the 2006 Oscars ceremony, when Ang Lee became the first Asian to win an Academy Award for best director, for the movie Brokeback Mountain. John Wayne may be rolling over in his grave, but director Ang Lee has made the epic American western, a history-making ''gay western'' that changed the cinematic vocabulary of the American western, and America herself, forever. When Brokeback Mountain won three Academy Awards in 2006, critics saw this official approbation as a sign of a radical breakthrough in the representation of homosexuality on screen and commended Hollywood for its boldness in humanizing love between two men in a mainstream film for the very first time.

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Brokeback Mountain is the story of two cowboys, as portrayed by Jake Gyllenhaal and Heath Ledger, who fall in love almost by accident, beginning a furtive, frustrated romance that spans two decades. Ledger earned an Academy Award nomination for best actor as the tight-lipped Ennis Del Mar, who at first doesn't seem to know what's happening to him. Gyllenhaal as Jack Twist has become the new poster boy of the gay world. Such former heartthrobs as Brad Pitt and the very heterosexual Tom Cruise should start shopping for middle-aged daddy roles.

Set in Wyoming, the movie was actually shot in Alberta. It all begins one night when Ledger's campfire dies, and he's shivering in the biting cold. The spark is lit when he enters Jack's tent. That spark turns into an undying flame that will last beyond the grave. In the shadows of a cramped little tent, Jack makes overtures to Ennis who at first resents him. Then, in a sudden outburst of long-suppressed desires, he takes to gay sex as if he were born to do so. Jack quickly becomes his ever-loving bottom, as this handsome cowboy discovers an ecstasy he never dreamed possible. Once inside Jack, he wants to stay there forever. Of course, there is the inevitable morning after and the usual denials.
Ennis: ''I'm no queer.''
Jack: ''Me neither.''


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We sensed what a powerful movie this would make when we first read Annie Proulx’s short story Brokeback Mountain. Her story, which contains a character who is killed in a Wyoming gay-bashing, was published in The New Yorker in 1997, almost exactly one year before the real-life murder of gay Wyoming man Matthew Shepard. (Download The Matthew Shepard Story HERE!)The 21-year-old student was beaten to death 30 miles from Proulx's home. The author was called for jury duty on the murder case, but she didn't have to serve. Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana also recognized the possibilities and adapted it for the screen. But their screenplay went begging for eight years. McMurtry knows about the loneliness and despair of George W. Bush's America. His novel, The Last Picture Show, was made into a movie 34 years ago by Peter Bogdanovich. No major studio would touch this gay love story until Ang Lee came along. The rest is cinematic history.

When this film began in 1963, the word ''gay'' had not made it into the vocabulary of the people of Wyoming. When Jean Bullis, the real-life editor of a small-town newspaper we knew back in the early 1960's, first learned that men make love to each other, her first response was, ''that’s impossible. For a man to make love, he's got to have a hole to stick it into. Women have holes. Men don't have holes.'' Surely the world has grown a little more sophisticated than when this yokel made such an utterance.

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The homoerotic strain in American culture has existed, of course, long before Brokeback Mountain. Leslie Fiedler, an American literary critic, nailed it in his classic essay ''Come Back to the Raft Ag'in, Huck Honey!'' published back in 1948. The writer characterized the bond between Huckleberry Finn and Jim, a runaway slave, as an unconscious romantic attachment shared by two males of different races as they flee the more constraining and civilizing domain of women. He went on to identify that bond as a recurrent theme in American literature.

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There are other examples. The Lone Ranger and Tonto. There was that buddy movie, Red River, with John Wayne and gay actor Montgomery Clift. Openly gay author James Leo Herlihy once admitted that Midnight Cowboy was secretly a gay love story. It was the first X-rated movie ever to win an Oscar for best picture of the year, starring Dustin Hoffman and Jon Voight as the hustler cowboy who descended on Times Square.

The beat goes on, notably with Paul Newman and Robert Redford, both looking gorgeous in Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid. Of course, all this male bonding did not explore its shadow side. Ang Lee had the balls to do that in Brokeback Mountain.

Both men come from tragic backgrounds, Ennis raised by a brother and sister after his parents died in a car crash. Brought up in the rodeo, Jack is more talkative than the taciturn and bottled-up Ennis. His father, a bull rider, was the last kind of Wyoming father a gay man needs to bring him up. Jack’s father, when he is finally introduced at the end of the film, is a stunning portrait of Gothic America and all its horrors. He’s more frightening than Freddy Kruger in A Nightmare on Elm Street.

At the end of their summer of bliss on Brokeback Mountain, Ennis and Jack go their separate ways. Instead of a hug and a kiss, Ennis delivers a tight-lipped farewell: ''See you around.''

At that point, not even conceiving that it was possible to pursue a gay lifestyle as a spiritually married couple, the two handsome men drift into straight relationships. Ennis marries his girlfriend. Alma (played by Michelle Williams) delivers a stunning performance as his wife that will push those of borderline preferences quickly to the gay side of the fence. Less brilliant, but also effective in a lesser role, is Lureen (played by Anne Hathaway), a Texas rodeo queen, who falls for Jack.



It is four long, painful years before Jack and Ennis link up again. Now living in Texas, Jack sends a postcard to Ennis marked general delivery. He’s planning to return to Wyoming on a visit. Held intact all these years, Ennis's passion for Jack explodes when they reunite in a spontaneous clinch. Tongue down the throat. Hot, throbbing cock pressed against hot, throbbing cock. This kissing scene is so powerful that Ledger nearly broke Gyllenhaal’s nose while filming it. Even though four years have passed, Jack remembered the bond he had created with Ennis that previous summer on Brokeback. In the words of Ms. Proulx, he fondly recalled when ''Ennis had come up behind him and pulled him close, the silent embrace satisfying some shared and sexless hunger.''

In the film, the love between Jack and Ennis may be pure, but the secrecy of the relationship is a poison that visits itself on the two men and their families. Although the film is about two gay cowboys, it's not really a gay film of the genre that came to prominence in the 1970's. It's too honest, too real for that type of exploitation. The characters as played by Ledger and Gyllenhaal become so real that even a homophobe might come to view them as two human beings in love - not two cowboys fucking each other. But perhaps that would give homophobes too much credit. The film came as a disappointment to many gay fans who had hoped that after that night in the tent the two handsome actors, Heath and Jake, would make it permanent and set up housekeeping. Alas, we can dream, can't we?

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The movie contains a nude scene in which Heath Ledger and Jake Gyllenhall jump into a cold lake. Ang Lee intended to edit out any actual frontal nudity from the film. But a paparazzo caught photos of Ledger with a digital camera. The photos have appeared on the internet and in some press publications.

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Why not Gyllenhaal nude as well? For the film's ''official'' nude scene, a body double was enlisted. That’s not because Gyllenhaal has anything against nudity. Jake is a very sophisticated young man. He grew up in a household where Liza Minnelli could be found in the kitchen cooking steaks. He is familiar with the homosexual lifestyle, if not for himself, then for others around him. ''I grew up in a family where many of our close friends were gay couples'', he told the press. I'm sure you still remember a shower scene from Jarhead, where Jake goes the full monty, but it's only for a glimpse and in shadows. Nonetheless, it's a most tantalizing glimpse.

Brokeback Mountain is not about sex. It's about love. Love discovered. Love frustrated by society. Love held forever in the sorrowful heart of Ennis who missed out on his own chance to find happiness and meaning in life and ends up alone in a bleak trailer to live out his days with the loving memory of Jack dooming him to sorrow, with longing in his heart for what is gone forever. The life-long bond formed by the two men is by turns ecstatic, bitter, and conflicted. The complications, joys, and tragedies of the relationship provide a testament to the endurance and power of love.

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Brokeback Mountain evoked memories of James Dean in Giant for many critics, including Manohla Dargis of The New York Times. In Brokeback, when Ennis pushes his Stetson down to obscure his face, his gesture recalls James Dean pushing down his Stetson in the 1956 film, Giant. Based on a story by Edna Ferber, it costarred gay actor Rock Hudson and the world’s most gay-friendly actress, Elizabeth Taylor.

As the film progresses, to indicate the passage of time, Jake Gyllenhaal sprouts a mustache to show that he’s reached middle age. Even so, he still ''looks like a refugee from a high school production.'' The ''aging'' of Heath Ledger and Gyllenhaal evokes the so-called aging of James Dean and Rock Hudson in Giant. Silver hair and painted-on wrinkles didn't really age Dean and Hudson either.

Like the characters in Brokeback Mountain, actors Hudson and Dean were forced to live in the closet of the 1950's. Dean was still in the closet when he died. Even today, so-called ''close friends'' deny that he was gay, in spite of hundreds of witnesses who relate up-close and personal encounters to prove the opposite. Hudson was only forced out of the closet by his battle with AIDS.

Well, the rumor is this, that James Dean and Rock Hudson had sex while filming Giant, supposedly because of a bet Rock had with Elizabeth Taylor to see who could bed Dean first. And Rock supposedly said that Taylor didn't have a chance since Dean was gay. Is this true? I have no clue, but it's a great story, nonetheless.

Dargis indulges in some fascinating speculation. ''James Dean was about the same age as Mr. Gyllenhaal when he made Giant. It would be nice to think that if Dean and Hudson were alive today they would be out of their respective closets and would be enjoying the kind of marquee muscle that could get a project like Brokeback Mountain off the ground and into the theaters.''

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Note: While you're reading this, you're no doubt asking yourself, ''why he didn't post this movie to the forum.'' I'm sorry to disappoint you, but our ''great place to share your favorite gay themed movies'' has a rule, which says: Please do not post any major Hollywood releases.
 
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gorgik9

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Mille gracie, haiducii, mille! I just love this post; I have to think a few more hours more before I can write some more substantial comments.

I'll be full of nothing but praise, and damn boy, you're so good at giving me lots of inspiration for new posts of my own!
 

gorgik9

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OK! This will be really just to sort of complete haiducii's great post in a way underlining even stronger the male homoerotic subtext in the very center of American literature.

Let's start with Leslie Fiedler! His famous and very controversial 1948 essay became 12 years later the kernel of Fiedler's critical masterpiece "Love and Death in the American novel.", a 500+ pages thick-as-a-brick book, where he does a brilliant work in showing that the 19th century canon in American narrative fiction got a very, very rich and thick male homoerotic subtext.

Of course it's Huck Finn and Nigger Jim in Mark Twain's "Huckleberry Finn", but definitely not only! We've got Natty Bumppo and Chingachgook in James Fenimore Cooper's "Leatherstocking Tales" and in particular "The Last of the Mohicans", and then there's Herman Melville's "Moby Dick" with its heroes Ishmael and Queequeg, but also Melville's earlier novels about life in the Pacific.

Fiedler's thesis gets even stronger if we look at the earliest Western novels in the so called popular dime novels published about 1860-1890, which Fiedler himself didn't look into.

Now, it's quite often said that Owen Wister's "The Virginian" (1902) is the first classic western novel. I don't think that's really true: Wister's famous novel should rather be considered a book making fundamental changes to the western tradition. It's Wister who makes the novelistic Cowboy into a figure determined to hook up with the ubiquituous and very religious schoolmarm, but in the Pre-Wister dime novels there were no schoolmarms! In the traditional dime novels the cowboy was always intimately connected to his pardner, his buddy. That's the original tradition!!!

So it wouldn't actually be too far fetched to say, that what Ang Lee did was to let the western story get back to it's original pastures! And he did it so well! Maybe it took a man from the East to really understand the West!

OK! About James Dean I think you should look at Matthew Mishory's 2012 movie "Joshua Tree, 1951: A portrait of James Dean", where Dean definitely is portraid as at least bisexual with strong gay leanings. It's a beautiful b&w movie!
 

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William Higgins talks about Jack Wrangler

William Higgins talks about Jack Wrangler

Manshots, December 1990.
Jerry Douglas interviews William Higgins in depth
Higgins recalls his first work with Jack Wrangler, on the film A Married Man (1978), which was directed mainly by Steve Scott, but which Higgins also worked on as his first gay porn film. Higgins said that though Jack and he get along just fine as of the date of the interview (1990), they got off on the wrong foot.




As we worked, [Jack] became more and more difficult to live with. And he insisted that he sing a song. And Steve Scott and Wrangler didn't get along too well, and I certainly didn't get along too well with Jack. No one got along with his manager, so it was just a horrible thing. When we came to do his song, it was a total fiasco. He blew up and walked out of the recording studio primarily because I said, "You know, Jack, I paid for two or three hours' recording and that's all we're gonna take. At the end of that time, the switch is being thrown. I can't afford to pay for any more." He refused to allow the movie to be released if I didn't have the song in it, so I went to a place called "The Musician's Contact Service," and hired some straight guitarist to play Jack's song that he wrote. So he goes in, and Jack goes in, and the two guys immediately clash. Steve Scott and I, we walk out on the driveway and stand there twiddling our toes while they bash out the song. So, Jack and his manager storm out, and then the guitarist comes out and storms away. Just a nightmare.
 

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William Higgins talks about LANCE

William Higgins talks about LANCE

Manshots, February 1991
Jerry Douglas interviews William Higgins

He has a reputation as the baddest of the bad boys. Much, much worse than Lee Marlin. [Lance] got arrested for some horrendous accident, drunk driving, and he was in jail. And he was calling me from jail . . . and he cried and cried and cried from the jail, and I bailed him out. He was supposed to come over and be good and stay clean and not do drugs or alcohol for long enough to do the film. And he walked in my door and said "Fuck you." Turned and walked out.

Attached is a photo of Lance in a scene from Higgins' film Blonds Do It Best (1985), and then on the cover of Skinflicks, Vol 5 No 5 (1985), with Leo Ford. Lance and Leo had starred in Leo and Lance (1983), also for Higgins. Within a few months after this interview was published in 1991, Lance died of complications from AIDS, and Leo Ford (his co-star in both Higgins films) was killed in a motorcycle crash.





Lance - of Leo and Lance fame
 

Hyp

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William Higgins talks about MIKE HENSON

William Higgins talks about MIKE HENSON

Manshots, February 1991
Jerry Douglas interviews William Higgins

He lived with me for a year, and I really liked that boy. He is one very sweet boy. Doesn't have enough ambition for his own good. And is really so devoted to his mother than he can't leave where he lives. And he left me because he couldn't stay away from Mother. But of all the people I have ever worked with, I'm probably in love with him the most.

He could never get hard unless he was sucking a dick. Instead of saying, "Okay, get hard. Let's do this," you said to him "Okay, suck his dick." And then he would get hard, and it would pretty much stay hard the whole rest of the shoot. But if you didn't have him suck a dick, he would never get hard. He just loved to suck dick.





Mike Henson was in about a dozen films from the late eighties to early nineties. The solo (pictured above) appeared in Torso, June 1986, which was associated with the j/o scene which starts Big Guns. Mike also does a three-way with Jeff Boote and Mike Ryan in the film.

Mike left Hollywood for a couple years, and then returned for a few films in the early nineties, including notably More Of A Man (1990), directed by Jerry Douglas. In an interview in 1991, when he was asked why he took a break from porn, Mike said: "Too many drugs. I didn't get into them, but maybe I would have if I'd stayed. Good thing I left."

Mike Henson died of a heroin overdose in 2002.
 

haiducii

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OK! This will be really just to sort of complete haiducii's great post in a way underlining even stronger the male homoerotic subtext in the very center of American literature.

Let's start with Leslie Fiedler! His famous and very controversial 1948 essay became 12 years later the kernel of Fiedler's critical masterpiece "Love and Death in the American novel.", a 500+ pages thick-as-a-brick book, where he does a brilliant work in showing that the 19th century canon in American narrative fiction got a very, very rich and thick male homoerotic subtext.

Of course it's Huck Finn and Nigger Jim in Mark Twain's "Huckleberry Finn", but definitely not only!

I agree with your thoughts. When I was reading stuff for my gay western post, I came across this quote by Ernest Hemingway from 1935: ''All modern American literature comes from one book by Mark Twain called Huckleberry Finn. It's the best book we've had. All American writing comes from that. There was nothing before. There has been nothing as good since.''

Apologies, this is a bit off topic...more appropriate for the thread called ''The history of gay literature''. ;)
 

gorgik9

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I agree with your thoughts. When I was reading stuff for my gay western post, I came across this quote by Ernest Hemingway from 1935: ''All modern American literature comes from one book by Mark Twain called Huckleberry Finn. It's the best book we've had. All American writing comes from that. There was nothing before. There has been nothing as good since.''

Apologies, this is a bit off topic...more appropriate for the thread called ''The history of gay literature''. ;)


Maybe we should tamper a bit with Whitman in Leaves of Grass: "We're large. We contain multitudes." :rofl:
 

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Brilliant posts as ever, really enjoying his thread and the opportunities it provides to pursue new found interests. thanks guys.

james dean, as a character, appears in the new anton corbijn film, LIFE, with dane dehaan and robert pattinson. It comes out on dvd this week so I shall hopefully see it soon and feedback any homo-eroticism, actual or perceived, soon.
 

gorgik9

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Brilliant posts as ever, really enjoying his thread and the opportunities it provides to pursue new found interests. thanks guys.

james dean, as a character, appears in the new anton corbijn film, LIFE, with dane dehaan and robert pattinson. It comes out on dvd this week so I shall hopefully see it soon and feedback any homo-eroticism, actual or perceived, soon.

Thanks a lot for the tip about Corbijn's movie on DVD; I'll try my best to get a copy. And I think Dehane / Pattinson is an interesting cast!
 

gorgik9

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Pulp Fiction, Gay Visibility & the Stonewall Myth,part 1

First some technicalities: I've decided to cut this long post up in two parts of which this is part 1. I'll write part 2 later today.

I want to begin this post with a long quote from historian Marc Stein's book City of Sisterly and Brotherly Loves: Lesbian and Gay Philadelphia 1945-1972 (2000):

"Today the Stonewall riots are rarely seen as a turning point in the homosexual movement. Nor are they typically seen as transforming the "homophile movement" into the "lesbian and gay liberation movement". Instead, the riots are often viewed as the first act of lesbian and gay resistance ever. Younger activists in other social movements distanced themselves from older counterparts in the 1960s and 1970s, but perhaps in no movement was the denial of prior political traditions so complete. Individual narratives that portrayed "coming out" as a revolutionary break with psychological repression were recapitulated in social narratives that depicted the riots as a revolutionary break with political repression. What better way for post-Stonewall activists to represent themselves as having broken with the past then to deny that lesbian and gay politics even had a past?"

It's not only the specifically political gay traditions that gets tarred by being thrown into the deep void of fictional non-existance under the seale we can name "The Stonewall Myth". The same tool for making things to become non-existant can be used on whatever: history, art, literature, cinema, popular culture, porn - whatever...

I don't know how many times in - let's say - the last 30 years I've heard or read that "something" didn't exist "before Stonewall", and if it happened to barely exists, it wasn't "Good for the gays" anyway, so don't bother...

In this post I want to do primarely two things: First to talk about a genre of gay popular culture that got very popular in the 1960s, but has been almost totally forgotten until the last few years. I'm talking about the Gay Pulp Fiction paperbacks; I made a long thread about a pretty big collection of paperback covers two years ago in February 2014, and I thought to - so to speak - recycle this old thread.

The second thing I want to do is to give a number of examples of one and the same important thing: the continuity from the late 1950s into the 1970s in gay publishing, distribution and selling of magazines and books. And at the same time I want to talk about a few key persons you probably haven't heard much about before.

I'll use the ordinary partition in modern gay history between the homophile era from the early 1950s til 1969, and the gay liberation era from 1969 on.

The Gay Pulp Paperback explosion in the 1960s.

Here's a small collection of pulp covers from 1965 and 1966, the years when the pulp shit really hit the book market fan! (If you want a much larger collection of covers here's the directlink to my old 2014 thread:http://www.gayheaven.org/showthread.php?t=462176 )

1965 covers:
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1965anchor.jpg

1965brando.jpg

1965exotik.jpg

1965selbee.jpg


1966 covers:
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1966graka.jpg

1966leisur.jpg

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I think it's of interest to look at the statistics for gay fiction in the 1960s US market, (keeping in mind that "gay fiction" is a critical concept and not a scientific concept) and split the market in hardback publishing and paperback publishing:
Hardback: 1960: 5; 1961: 9; 1962: 5; 1963: 7; 1964: 10; 1965: 15; 1966: 14; 1967: 14; 1968: 9; 1969: 9.

Paperback: 1960: 3; 1961: 6; 1962: 9; 1963: 4; 1964: 17; 1965: 45; 1966: 67; 1967: 84; 1968: 189; 1969: 259.

The statistics makes it quite obvious that the hardback market didn't change much; it was the paperback market in gay pulp fiction that exploded, and the explosion started in 1964-1965.

The central concept and value in the homophile movement was respectability which oc course could mean different things, but at its core was to never ever take your sex life in to the public sphere in any sense. When it came to respectability and popular culture the statement from Mattachine Society of Washington in 1965 that "physical and intellectual interests [...] should remain separate" is typical of the movement and times.

MSW:s statement cocerned the homophile activist and publicist Clark Polak and his magazine Drum, trying to do both at the same time: publishing texts on homophile activism in a magazine which also published physique photos of young muscular studs with very little clothes on. (I'll have much more to say about Clark Polak and Drum later in the post.)

To me it's just amazing - in the most negative sense - that people so obviously intelligent as Frank Kameny couldn't or wouldn't understand the internal benefits for gay men and lesbian women in having their desires acknowledged and confirmed in print and pictures.

The attitudes of the homophile press towards physique photography and physique magazines was generally negative, and this was a pattern repeating itself a bit later in the gay pulp boom of the mid 1960s. So the homophile press wrote quite a lot about gay pulps, but only negative opinions.

The gay liberation press of the 1970s couldn't have cared less about the alledged conflict between physical and intellectual interests. It's in the gay lib era that it becomes sort of a logical truth - like 2+2=4 - that anything made before July 1969 (before Stonewall-as-myth) can't be "Good for the Gays", and since gay pulp became popular years before the Stonewall Hallelujah, it can't be worthy of attention or remembrance.

But there was also a more deep seated change going on in western culture at large, a big cultural tilt from text media to image media. In the homophile era the iconic cultural hero was an intellectual literary writer like Gore Vidal, James Baldwin or Truman Capote, but in the gay liberation era the gay cultural hero was the out and proud porn director like Wakefield Poole, Fred Halsted or Joe Gage.

Richard Amory, Victor J. Banis and the other successful gay pulp writers didn't fit either stereotype.

In the beginning was Bob Mizer & Physique Pictorial...

I've decided to do some more recycling of old threads on physique photography and in particular the post on Robert Henry "Bob" Mizer (1922-1992), and if you want to know about Bob as a photographer and the story about how his epoch-making magazine Physique Pictorial came about in the autumn of 1951, I recommend a click on this directlink:http://www.gayheaven.org/showpost.php?p=765090&postcount=4

A few pics of Bob as a young man:
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bobmizerpo.jpg


And a short docu about Bob from the President of the Bob Mizer Foundation, Dennis Bell:


Bob Mizer always was a photographer first and last with his own studio Athletic Model Guild since 1945, but in this post I'll mostly engage with Mizer as the first to start a physique magazine owned and published directly by a physique photography studio.

Most of all I want to compare the physique press and the homophile press, both of them starting in the 1950s.

So the first homophile magazine was ONE Magazine started in 1953 and with the largest circulation of 5000 copies in 1960 and 3000 copies in 1965.

Second largest was the Mattachine Review, founded in 1955 and with a top circulation of 2200 copies.

The Ladder was started and owned by lesbian organization Daughters of Bilitis in 1956 and usually had a circulation of about 600 copies.

This should be compared to the physique press: Physique Pictorial started in autumn 1951 and became an immediate commercial success, soon with a circulation of about 30000 copies.

But Physique Pictorial actually wasn't the biggest of the gayish physique magazines. This honour befell Tomorrows Man, started a couple of years after Physique Pictorial, with a standard circulation of - 100000 copies.

And then there were maybe about a dozen of other gayish physique magazines with a circulation of 5000-15000 copies.

Compared to the homophile press, the physique press was gigantic and definitely thriving.

Hal Call and the homophile ambiguities.

If you looked only at what Hal Call (1917-2000) said as an officer of the Mattachine Society and what he wrote in the pages of Mattachine Review, you could start believing that he actually was a patron saint of homophile respectability as legend had it. But as you know, the paradigm of gay wisdom Oscar Wilde said, that truth is never pure and rarely simple, and historians James T. Sears and Martin Meeker has shown that the truth about Hal is pretty complex and rather dirty.

The best way to look at it is probably to focus on Pan-Graphic Press - the printing firm started by Hal Call and Don Lucas in 1954 - as the real center of his activities in the gay community. Call and Lucas were very careful to found Pan-Graphic Press as a legally fully autonomous company and not a subdivision of Mattachine Society in any sense.

Before Call and Lucas started Pan-Graphic the dominant source to fund different kinds of gay projects had been donations. What they did in the long run was to tap a slowly emerging gay market, and what we start getting from - let's say - the early 1960s on, is a semi-autonomous gay market. It didn't grow very fast, but it grew. Getting larger and larger and larger and...

The most important consequences of Call's actions and decisions was that he as the owner and boss of Pan-Graphic could make business decisions for Pan-Graphic without getting dependant on the official Mattachine ideology of respectability, and this happened years before the national Mattachine dissolved in 1961 and Call went back to being a San Fran business man.

In 1957 Call started a mail order company - Dorian Book Service - based on Pan-Graphics own publication. It distributed all kinds of writing from classy literature to gay pulps with any kind of gay interest.

In 1964 - together with business friend Bob Damron - Hal Call started publishing one of the early gay guidebooks (an early forerunner of Spartacus International Gay Guide), The Address Book. (I'll write more about gay guidebooks later in this post)

In May 1967 he started the first gay bookstore in the US, the Adonis Book Store in San Francisco. So no, no, no - Harvey Milk was NOT the first San Fran gay business man of importance; and no, it is often erroneously said that the first gay bookstore was The Oscar Wilde Memorial Book Store in New York, started by Craig Rodwell in the autumn of 1967. But by that time there already had been a gay bookstore in SF for several months!

However my dear friends! Right now it's time for me to make some lunch and take a long afternoon walk, but I'll be back with part 2 of this post in the late afternoon or early evening!
 

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Pulp Fiction, Gay Visibility & the Stonewall myth, part 2

Media savviest of homophile activists: Randy Wicker.

Homosexuality was a topic in darkest media shadow in the US 1950s and early 60s, but this changed rather abruptly in the mid 1960s when the big mainstream magazines started publishing multipage illustrated articles on homosexuality and the homosexual.

Life was first in June 1964, then came Time 21 January 1966, and Look January 1967. Then again Time had three big articles on 28 June 1968 and 24 & 31 October 1969. Esquire ended the sixties with an article in December 1969.

But how did all this media coverage come about? Behind much of the splash was the activities of Randy Wicker (b. 1938) from spring 1962 onwards.

Pics of Randy Wicker. In the second big pic we can see Wicker picketing behind Barbara Gittings.
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After graduating from University of Texas at Austin, Wicker moved to New York. When he got information that WBAI Radio would broadcast a panel of psychiatrists who epoused the sickness theory of homosexuality, he managed to persuade the station manager to put him and several other openly gay people on the air to rap about their lives, and thus the broadcast aired in July 1962.

But Wicker did a lot more: First he nudged the radio manager to send a letter before the broadcast happened to a well known fiercly homophobic journalist asking him what he thought about the future broadcast. Wicker got a copy of the journalists very negative response, made lots of copies of the copy and wrote a large number of letters to various newspapers urging them to read what the journalist had written and listen to the WBAI broadcast when it aired.

The response to Wicker's activities was quite impressive. A large number of papers covered the broadcast and wrote favourably about it yhe following days, including The New York Times, The Realist, Newsweek, The New York Herald Tribune and Variety.

And thus a media spiral engineered by Randy Wicker was rising up in the sky.

It continued rising for the rest of the decade!

A survey of the US gay market in the 1960s.

I hope it goes without saying that the following very simple survey is far from complete. My ambition is to draw a fuller socioeconomic picture of the US sixties and put the gay pulp explosion in context.

Homophile organizations in the 1960s.

The national Mattachine Society was dissolved in 1961, but there were a band of new organizations founded:
League for Civil Education (1961)
Tavern Guild (1961)
Janus Society (1961?)
Society for Individual Rights SIR (1964)
The Council on Religion and the Homosexual (1964)
The Imperial Court System (1965)
Vanguard (1966)

Gay Book Services.

Dorian Book Services (1957)
Dorian Book Services Quarterly (1960)
(Dorian Book Services own magazine)

Guild Book Services (1963)
(Publisher Guild Books transformed at the same time from publishing magazines only to become a full book publisher.)

Directory Services Inc. DSI (1964?)
(Mail order company and publisher operating from Minneapolis.)

Trojan Book Service (1964?)
(Owned by controversial activist Clark Polak, who also owned equally controversial magazine Drum.

Gay Guidebooks.

As far as I know the first guidebook was "Gay Girl's Guide" published in the mid 1950s.

We have much more precise information on the following:

Le Guide Gris (1959)
The Lavender Baedeker (1963)
The Address Book (1964)
Directory 43 (1964?)
Guild Guide (1964?)

And from 1965 on this market section also exploded. A small collection of gay guidebooks published from 1965 on:

In Scene; San Francisco Scene; The Lavender Guide; Golden West Gay Bar Guide; Barfly West; Barfly East; International Vagabond World Travel Guide.

The incredible figure of H. Lynn Womack: obese albino, pornographer, professor of philosophy

I want to end this post with two chapters about controversial men whose lives didn't end happily but were central figures in the 1950s and 60s, one way or another.

Let's start with Herman Lynn Womack (1923-1985), born in deep poverty to tenant farmers in Hazlehurst, Mississippi, and died in deep poverty in Boca Raton, Florida.

Here's one of pretty few pics of him:
herman.jpg


After getting his PhD in philosophy from Johns Hopkins University in 1955 Womack got financially lucky and could become the owner of a small printing plant and developed his first publishing firm MANual Enterprises, morphing into Guild Press a few years later. Womack became something of a physique magazine mogul publishing several magazines: Fizeek; Grecian Guild Pictorial; Manorama; MANual and Trim.

What gave Womack his first claim to fame was that he actually sued the US federal state in the guise of Postmaster General J. Edward Day, persued the case all the way to the US Supreme Court and won the rightly very famous case MANual Enterprises v. Day.

So in the 1950s and early 60s the US Post Office had become one of the biggest pains in the ass for anyone considering sending anything by mail with any kind of homoerotic content. Winning over the Post Office in the US Supreme Court in 1962 was highly consequential, in particular for Womack himsel and his company Guild Press.

So in 1963 Womack transformed Guild Press into becoming a full blown book publisher and Guild Press became the first publisher engaged exclusively in all kinds of gay material. The same year - 1963 - en launched the mail order company Guild Book Services.

In 1969 Guild Press started a new book series called Black Knight Classics, a series of 36 anonymous pamphlets alledged to be gay samizdat. This is probably true in a few cases, but most of it was recently written. What is undeniably true is that the Black Knight stories pushed the expliciteness, the level of sexual detail, and the range of sexual action in written erotica to new hights.

DSI: Directory Services Incorporated, Minneapolis.

The development in Guild Press depended largly on what happened in 1967 to one of the more important business competitors of Guild Press in the gay market, the Minneapolis based publisher and mail order company Directory Services Incorporated, DSI.

The founders of DSI, Lloyd Spinar and Conrad Germain, had been arrested on obscenity charges for distributing magazines with full-frontal male nudes. When after a complicated trial Judge Earl Larson threw out every one of the charges against DSI, all gay publishers won the right to send frontal male nudes in the US mail.

Probably inspired by danglie magazines like International Nudist Sun, Men International and Review International, all of them produced in Denmark and exported to the US market in 1965-66, DSI produced Butch Magazine from 1965 on, probably becoming the first american magazine regularly having male frontal nudes on the cover.

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And here's a link to DSI mail order catalogue Vagabond from 1965. It's a digital version of the entire catalogue and I think its a fascinating example of 50 years old gay marketing! :Anon URL

But let's get back to Womack and Guild Press! Starting Black Knight Classics in 1969 was probably Womacks way of upping the ante. We know for certain that at least one of the Black Knight stories would soon be made into a feature length gay porn movie. It's director J. Brian's 1971 film "7 in a Barn". Here's the link to the movie (FINALLY a gay porn movie in this damn thread!!!): http://www.gayheaven.org/showthread.php?t=495157

Womack's life ended in a tragic way. He decided in 1970 to start a gay newspaper with national distribution, "The Gay Forum", but this new business floundered due in large part to renewed prosecution on charges of using underage models in the photo-illustrated publications published by Guild Press.

Womack agreed to legally separate himself from his adult businesses . He moved to Boca Raton, Florida, in the 1970s were he passed away in poverty and oblivion in 1985.

Clark Polak: marching to a different drummer...

One of the most controversial homophile activists of the 1960s was - easily! - Clark Polak (1937-1980), president of Janus Society, Philadelphia, who got elected in 1963.

Much of the angry arguments was about Drum Magazine, started by Polak in 1964. Here's a number of Drum covers!
drum0865b.jpg

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And here's the very popular campy comics in Drum, Harry Chess:
harrychess.jpg


Here's also a link to the digital version of an issue of Drum, August 1965: Anon URL
*******************************
There's a lot more to say about Clark Polak and the Janus Society, and I can only urge you to read Marc Stein's book "City of Sisterly and Brotherly Loves" (2000).

But as you all know: as all other lessons, this must also end!
 

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The 80s gay esthetic...



 

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PATRIC TONER
MR. LEATHER 1985


 

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Equus

Equus

From Mandate, October 1975
This issue included a review of the hit new Broadway play Equus. At the time of this review, the leads were Anthony Perkins and Thomas Hulce, who would subsequently appear in the films of Animal House (1978) and Amadeus (1984).

More recently, Harry Potter star Daniel Radcliffe performed in the play.

 

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Just making the note that writer Peter Shaffer and actor Tom Hulce would have a much bigger splash with film director Milos Forman in 1984 with the brilliant movie about Mozart's life: Amadeus.
 

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William Higgins talks about THE BOYS OF VENICE

William Higgins Discusses
THE BOYS OF VENICE


From the December 1990 issue of Manshots magazine.
Interview by another legendary director, Jerry Douglas

Higgins discusses how the "William Higgins Tradition" got started:

And I met a boy and we moved in together in Venice, and I got a job working for a bathhouse as a clerk out in the Valley, and that was to lead me into my current career. Anyway, I was walking around Venice Beach, and I said, "Oh, this would really be an interesting movie." That's before Venice Beach caught on.

And I started shooting some footage with some film we had left over from making A Married Man. When I ran out of film, my boyfriend put it on his MasterCard and, you know, we bought some more film. Then, one day the owner of the Century Theatre called me and he said, "Wow! We really liked A Married Man, and I'm looking for a picture as my big Christmas feature which is, you know, an important thing." He says, "Why don't you make another film?" And so I started making Boys of Venice."


Boys of Venice 1979, featuring Emanuelle Bravos and Kip Noll.



 

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William Higgins talks about JEFF STRYKER

William Higgins Discusses
JEFF STRYKER


From Manshots, February 1991.

Jeff Stryker was originally discovered by John Travis, and taken over by Matt Sterling, and so I felt I didn't want to get in the middle of that triangle. Whenever I worked with Jeff Stryker or met with Jeff Stryker, either Sterling or Travis would drop him off and literally stay on the stage with him. So my relationship with Jeff Stryker was probably more professional than with anybody I have ever been involved with. I think he's a very sharp kid. I mean he's kind of a countrified boy who--with the exception of Al Parker and maybe Fred Halsted--is the model that has had the savvy enough to make some money off of the films. So I'm very impressed with him.

I don't like the image that they created for Jeff Stryker. Of the macho-put-the-gays-down. That's not the way he is at all, you know. That's a film persona that was created by Matt Sterling and John Travis, so you played by those rules. I think Sterling, Travis and Falcon all believe that the only person that gays are really interested in viewing is the quintessential top man who is essentially trade and is insulting to the gays.


Wow, pretty damning critique of Falcon in the late-80s early-90s.



Here's Jeff in all his glory:




 

gorgik9

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Well I guess I belong to the I-don't-like-Jeff-Stryker club on GH...and I know that zortek is another member...

Guys with gigantic schlongs active in the 1980s that I do like: 1) John Davenport!, and my biggest big cock fav from the 80s: 2) Scott O'Hara, the one and absolutely only!!!
 
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